Can You Get Hiv From a Mosquito Bite
Human immunodeficiency virus, more than unremarkably known equally HIV, is a virus that, without treatment, leads to deterioration of your trunk'southward allowed organization to a betoken where your body has trouble fighting off mild infections. When your immune system has become severely damaged after a prolonged menses with HIV, it'southward known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
HIV is a bloodborne retrovirus that infects specific cells in the human immune system chosen CD4 T cells. CD4 cells normally play an important function in your immune system. They're responsible for detecting harmful pathogens similar leaner and viruses so your body tin can begin fighting off those pathogens.
There's no cure for HIV, and once you lot contract information technology, the virus will remain in your body for life. Over fourth dimension, if left untreated, HIV can progressively impairment your immune system to a point where y'all go susceptible to AIDS-defining illnesses — infections and conditions that wouldn't normally make you sick if your immune organization was functioning properly.
In honor of National HIV/AIDS & Aging Awareness Twenty-four hours, we're going to discuss the causes of, symptoms of, and treatments for HIV and AIDs.
Many people have no symptoms at all afterward initially becoming infected with HIV. However, most people exercise experience some not-specific symptoms within the commencement few weeks afterward infection. This ways the symptoms are typical of many illnesses and don't immediately point to i specific condition every bit their cause. For HIV, non-specific symptoms include:
- Flu-like symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Headache
- Strong or aching muscles
- Rash
- Oral cavity ulcers
- Sore throat
- Sweating at night
- Bloated lymph glands
After this initial disease, which is known as "seroconversion," most people live for many years without any symptoms until the virus has harmed their immune organization to a bespeak where they start to get significantly more vulnerable to infections and illnesses.
HIV is present in the blood, pre-ejaculatory fluid, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, and breast milk of people with the virus. HIV tin be transmitted past:
- Sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, and through the sharing of sex toys
- Sharing of needles, which nigh commonly occurs in groups of people who are using intravenous drugs
- Receiving a blood transfusion from an infected individual; this rarely occurs in developed countries, every bit donor claret is commonly screened for claret-borne viruses such as HIV
- Childbirth; HIV can be passed from the significant parent to the kid during pregnancy or childbirth
- Breastfeeding; HIV exists in breast milk and can be passed on to a kid
In rare cases, HIV tin can also be spread by:
- Ingesting pre-chewed food from someone who has the virus; this is a common exercise in some underdeveloped countries and is generally washed to feed small children or elderly people
- Being bitten by someone or biting someone who has HIV
- Kissing, if at that place is bleeding within the oral cavity
- Undergoing body-modification procedures such equally tattoos or piercings if tools are not properly sterilized betwixt clients
The vast majority of cases of HIV in the Usa are acquired via sexual contact. HIV cannot exist spread by:
- Air
- Water
- Insect bites
- Saliva
- Sweat
- Tears
- Casual contact such every bit shaking easily or hugging
Diagnosing HIV
HIV is normally diagnosed via a claret examination. The most accurate and reliable test is known as a fourth-generation test. It checks for both a specific part of the HIV viral structure (chosen the p24 antigen) and your own body'due south response to the infection (HIV antibodies).
Signal-of-intendance tests are also available, and they differ from fourth-generation tests. These take a pocket-sized sample of saliva or blood and provide a result in less than an hour. However, these are less sensitive and may not pick up all cases of HIV due to the smaller concentration of antibodies in the saliva or small claret sample. Y'all should ever follow up a indicate-of-intendance result with a confirmatory laboratory test. In that location are also self-sampling and home-testing kits available.
Whatsoever positive result is unremarkably repeated to check it wasn't a rare false-positive. If you're diagnosed with HIV, you'll be referred to a specialist HIV center to discuss treatment correct away.
HIV has a window period, pregnant it can take a sure length of time for a test to be able to detect the virus in your body. Many newer tests can make up one's mind results in 99% of people 45 days following their potential exposure. If you think you might have been exposed to HIV, it may not prove upwardly in a blood exam for 45 days. Signal-of-care testing and at-habitation testing can accept an fifty-fifty longer window catamenia, sometimes lasting upwards to 12 weeks.
Handling for HIV
There is no cure for HIV, but the infection can exist managed, allowing people with the virus to lead long and normal lives. Handling for HIV usually involves a number of different antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The virus requires an enzyme called protease in order to replicate, so treatment will involve protease inhibitors also every bit ARV drugs. This combination of medications is called highly active antiretroviral treatment, or HAART.
The aim of treatment is to reduce the level of circulating virus particles in your body to a point where HIV is no longer detectable. This means that the virus is at such low levels that it won't crusade nearly as much damage to your immune arrangement, and you probable won't be able to transmit it to anyone. Undetectable means untransmissable. Many people reach this level within six months of treatment.
HIV drugs, like any medication, can cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, headache and rash. Some people feel long-term side effects, such as changes in blood cholesterol levels or interference with liver or kidney operation. You'll be regularly monitored for these side furnishings once you lot start medication therapy.
How well the treatment is working is monitored past two parameters: the HIV viral load, meaning how many viral particles are present in your claret, and the CD4 count, which is a mensurate of how much the HIV virus has damaged specific blood cells of your allowed system.
Post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, is a set of medications that you lot tin can take very soon after potential exposure to HIV. In almost cases, these drugs can prevent infection from occurring. This treatment should only be used in an emergency and must be taken inside 72 hours of exposure. PEP is unremarkably taken for a catamenia of 28 days.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP (available under the brand names Truvada® and Descovy®), is a medication that you can take if y'all're at loftier gamble of contracting HIV. These drugs can protect you from acquiring an infection with the virus. You can take PrEP daily or "on need," in which y'all take the medication right before you lot could potentially exist exposed to the virus.
HIV Prognosis
HIV is a chronic condition that currently has no cure, but people with the virus have plenty of constructive options for managing the condition and living comfortably. Without handling, nearly every HIV patient will go on to develop AIDS. Still, when doctors detect HIV early and begin providing prompt treatment, the prognosis for people with HIV is very practiced. Nowadays, someone who'due south diagnosed early with a loftier CD4 count has the aforementioned life expectancy every bit someone without HIV. However, people with HIV do announced to develop some other conditions at earlier ages than those without HIV — including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, lung disease, diabetes and cancer — which may equate to differences in quality of life.
If someone doesn't get treatment early, the virus will progress and weaken their allowed organisation, which may cause more complications later in life. However, treatment can still be constructive, no matter when the virus is diagnosed.
At that place's a very small group of people who, despite having HIV in their bodies, never develop AIDS. These patients are called "long-term nonprogressors," and it's not clear what makes them resistant to the effects of HIV.
The all-time way to preclude the spread of HIV is to practice rubber sexual activity, as this is how most cases are transmitted. Consistent and right condom use tin can prevent the spread of the virus. Sharing needles when misusing injectable drugs is some other common form of transmission, and it's of import to never share another person's needles or injecting equipment. If you're looking for assist in overcoming drug addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Helpline at i-800-662-4357 for free and confidential counseling.
HIV tin can be transmitted from a pregnant parent to their unborn kid, so it'due south important if yous have HIV and get pregnant to inform your obstetrician immediately. They can help you take steps to reduce the risk of spreading the disease to your unborn babe. Consider the use of PrEP to preclude infection conquering if y'all're unable to avoid potential contact with HIV.
Resource Links:
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html
https://world wide web.fpa.org.uk/sites/default/files/hiv-information-and-advice.pdf
https://world wide web.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2020/yes-same-life-expectancy-hiv-negative-people-far-fewer-years-good-wellness
https://world wide web.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/
https://medlineplus.gov/hivaids.html
https://bestpractice.bmj.com/patient-leaflets/en-gb/pdf/3000138/HIV%3A%20what%20is%20it%3F.pdf
https://www.tht.org.uk/hiv-and-sexual-health
https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics
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Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health/hiv-condition?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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